ThreadLocal in Java is another way to achieve thread-safety apart from writing immutable classes. If you have been writing multi-threaded or concurrent code in Java then you must be familiar with the cost of synchronization or locking which can greatly affect the Scalability of application, but there is no choice other than synchronizing if you are sharing objects between multiple threads. ThreadLocal in Java is a different way to achieve thread-safety, it doesn't address synchronization requirement, instead, it eliminates sharing by providing an explicit copy of Object to each thread. Since Object is no more shared there is no requirement of Synchronization which can improve scalability and performance of the application.